推荐接种克威莎——不愿或没有条件接受多剂量新冠疫苗,或在短时间内有出国/境需求。 三种疫苗均可选择——健康成年人,不在意具体的接种方案,对克威莎的流感样症状副作用有心理准备。 推荐接种灭活/重组蛋白疫苗——对克威莎的流感样症状副作用接受程度不佳,或存在控制良好的、不禁忌接种活疫苗的慢性疾病(例如高血压、高血脂、偏头痛等)。 仅可考虑接种灭活/重组蛋白疫苗——存在控制良好的、但禁忌接种活疫苗的慢性疾病(如风湿病),或服用免疫调节剂/免疫抑制剂(如环孢素、甲氨蝶呤、依那西普等)。 (本文作者系传染病临床科研人员。) 参考文献:[1].Voysey M, Clemens SAC, Madhi SA, et al; Oxford COVID Vaccine Trial Group. Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK[J]. Lancet. 2021 Jan 9;397(10269):99-111. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32661-1.[2].Du, L., He, Y., Zhou, Y. et al. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-a target for vaccine and therapeutic development[J]. Nat Rev Microbiol 7, 226–236 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrmicro2090[3].Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee of European Medicine Agency. COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca-Up date onongoing evaluation of blood clot cases[EB/OL]. [2021-03-25]. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca-update-ongoing-evaluation-blood-clot-cases[4].Paul-Ehrlich-Institut. Occurrence of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis after Vaccination with COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca[EB/OL].[2021-03-22]https://www.pei.de/EN/newsroom/hp-news/2021/210322-occurence-cerebral-venous-thrombosis-vaccination-covid-19-astrazeneca.html[5].Greinacher A, Thiele T, Warkentin TE, et al. Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 Vaccination[J]. N Engl J Med. 2021 Apr 9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2104840.[6].Schultz NH, Sørvoll IH, Michelsen AE, et al. Thrombosis and Thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccination[J]. N Engl J Med. 2021 Apr 9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2104882.[7].Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Joint CDC and FDA Statement on Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 Vaccine[EB/OL].[2021-04-13] https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/s0413-JJ-vaccine.html[8].Sadoff J, Le Gars M, Shukarev G, et al. Interim Results of a Phase 1-2a Trial of Ad26.COV2.S Covid-19 Vaccine[J]. N Engl J Med. 2021 May 13;384(19):1824-1835. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2034201.[9].U.S. NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE (DAILYMED). LABEL: JANSSEN COVID-19 VACCINE- ad26.cov2.s injection, suspension[EB/OL].[2021-04-23] https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=14a822ff-f353-49f9-a7f2-21424b201e3b[10].Bucci EM, Berkhof J, Gillibert A, et al. Data discrepancies and substandard reporting of interim data of Sputnik V phase 3 trial[J]. Lancet. 2021 May 22;397(10288):1881-1883. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00899-0.[11].Logunov DY, Dolzhikova IV, Shcheblyakov DV. Data discrepancies and substandard reporting of interim data of Sputnik V phase 3 trial-Authors' reply[J]. Lancet. 2021 May 22;397(10288):1883-1884. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00894-1.[12].Logunov DY, Dolzhikova IV, Shcheblyakov DV, et al; Gam-COVID-Vac Vaccine Trial Group. Safety and efficacy of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine: an interim analysis of a randomised controlled phase 3 trial in Russia[J]. Lancet. 2021 Feb 20;397(10275):671-681. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00234-8.[13].Bucci E, Andreev K, Björkman A, et al. Safety and efficacy of the Russian COVID-19 vaccine: more information needed[J]. Lancet. 2020 Oct 3;396(10256):e53. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31960-7.[14].Logunov DY, Dolzhikova IV, Tukhvatullin AI, Shcheblyakov DV. Safety and efficacy of the Russian COVID-19 vaccine: more information needed - Authors' reply[J]. Lancet. 2020 Oct 3;396(10256):e54-e55. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31970-X.[15].CanSino Biologics Inc (From PR Newswire). CanSinoBIO Announces Approval for its Single-Dose COVID-19 Vaccine Convidecia in Hungary[EB/OL].[2021-03-22] https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cansinobio-announces-approval-for-its-single-dose-covid-19-vaccine-convidecia-in-hungary-301252978.html[16].Zhu FC, Li YH, Guan XH, et al. Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine: a dose-escalation, open-label, non-randomised, first-in-human trial[J]. Lancet. 2020 Jun 13;395(10240):1845-1854. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31208-3.[17].Zhu FC, Guan XH, Li YH, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant adenovirus type-5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18 years or older: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial[J]. Lancet. 2020 Aug 15;396(10249):479-488. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31605-6.[18].Reuters. Spanish study finds AstraZeneca vaccine followed by Pfizer dose is safe and effective[EB/OL].[2021-05-18] https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/spanish-study-finds-astrazeneca-vaccine-followed-by-pfizer-dose-is-safe-2021-05-18/[19].Shaw RH, Stuart A, Greenland M, et al; Com-COV Study Group. Heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccination: initial reactogenicity data[J]. Lancet. 2021 May 12:S0140-6736(21)01115-6. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01115-6.[20]图源:Nature Reviews Microbiology 7(3), 226–236 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro2090